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History of the Archipelago in the era of Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms
Indonesia began to develop in the days of Hindu-Buddhist kingdom thanks to trade relations with neighboring countries or further afield such as India, China, and Middle East region. Hinduism arrived in Indonesia is estimated at the beginning of AD era, brought by travelers from India, among others: Maha Rishi Agastya, which in Java known as Guru or Dwipayana and travelers from China namely Pahyien Buddhist pilgrims.
In the 4th century empire in West Java have the character of the Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms Tarumanagara is continuing with the Sunda kingdom until the 16th century.
In this period also came two great kingdoms, namely the Sriwijaya and Majapahit. During the 7th century until the 14th century, the Buddhist kingdom of Sriwijaya in Sumatra growing rapidly. China I-Tsing explorers visited the capital of Palembang, about the year 670. At the peak of its glory, the Srivijaya controlled as far as Central Java and Cambodia. 14th century also witnessed the rise of a Hindu kingdom in East Java, the Majapahit. Majapahit Patih between the years 1331 to 1364, Gajah Mada, succeeded in obtaining power over the territory which is now mostly are Indonesia and almost all Malays Peninsula. Gajah Mada legacy from the period including the codification of law and the establishment of Javanese culture, as seen in the epic Ramayana.
The inclusion of Islamic teachings in about the 12th century, gave birth to the Islamic character of the kingdoms of our strong and expansionist, like Ocean Pasai in Demak in Java and Sumatra. The emergence of these kingdoms, gradually end the triumph of Sriwijaya and Majapahit, also marked the end of this era.
Chronological
* 300 - Indonesia has trade relations with India. This began an intensive trade relations in the 2nd century AD Goods traded in international markets such as: precious metals, jewelry, handicrafts, perfumes, medicines. Traded from the east Indonesian sandalwood, camphor, cloves. This trading relationship gives a great influence in Indonesian society, especially with the entry of Hindu and Buddhist teachings, other effects seen in the system of government.
* 300 - It has been done related merchant shipping across China. Evidenced by the journey of two Buddhist monks and Gunavarman Fa Shien. This trading relationship has been commonly performed, the goods traded frankincense, sandalwood, handicrafts.
* 400 - Hindus and Buddhists have been developed in Indonesia viewed from the history of monarchies and relics of the time among other inscriptions, temple, god statues, carving, metal goods. The presence of the royal Tarumanagara reported by the Chinese.
* 603 - Royal Malay standing downstream of Batang Hari. This kingdom is a confederation of the traders coming from inland Minangkabau. 683 years, collapsed by the attack of Srivijaya Malay. Reference (?)
* 671 - A Buddhist priest from China, named I-Tsing departed from Canton to India. He stopped at Sriwijaya to learn Sanskrit grammar, and then he stopped in Malay over the past two months, and just continued his journey to India.
* 685 - I-Tsing returned to Srivijaya, here he remained for four years to translate the Buddhist scriptures from Sanskrit into the language hard.
* 692 - One of the Buddhist kingdom of Sriwijaya in Indonesia, which grow and develop into a trade center visited by Arab traders, Persia, and China. Traded among other textiles, camphor, pearls, spices, gold, silver. His rule extended from Sumatra, Peninsular Malaya, Cambodia, and Java. Sriwijaya also controls the trade routes the Malacca Strait, Sunda Strait, and South China Sea. With this acquisition, Sriwijaya traffic control trade between China and India, while creating wealth for the kingdom.
922 * - From a note written reports China has come a traveler kekerajaan KAHURIPAN in East Java and Java has been reward maharaja cutlass berukur ivory tipped to the emperor of China.
* 932 - Restoration of the Kingdom of Sunda. This occurs through Kebon Coffee II inscription dated Saka 854 or AD 932. [1]
* 1292 - Venetian traveler, Marco Polo stopped in northern Sumatra on his way home from China to Persia by sea. Marco Polo believes that the patent is an Islamic city.
* 1292 - Raden Wijaya, Jayakatwang permission, open the pull into the forest settlements called Majapahit. This name comes from the bitter fruit Bael tree in this place.
* 1293 - Raden Wijaya take advantage of the Mongol army to overthrow Jayakatwang in Kediri. Beat back the Mongol armies, and then he took the throne as king of Majapahit first on November 12. [2]
* 1293 - 1478 - The city became the center of the Majapahit empire whose influence stretches from Sumatra to Papua, except Sunda and Madura. Urban areas are densely populated by a cosmopolitan population and do various jobs. Book describes the land of Majapahit nobility culture with fine taste in art, literature, and religious rituals. [2]
* 1345-1346 - Moroccan traveler Ibn Battuta passed the Ocean on his way to and from China. Also note that the Ocean is a very important port, where the trading ships from India and China. Ibn Battuta found that the ruler of Samudra was a follower of Shafi'i madhhabs one in Islamic teachings.
* 1350-1389 - Top triumph under the leadership of the Majapahit king Hayam Wuruk and patih Gajah Mada. Majapahit controlled all the islands of Indonesia, even the Malayan peninsula in accordance with the "Palapa Oath" which states that Gajah Mada want a united archipelago.
* 1478 Demak Majapahit collapsed in the attack. The city was gradually abandoned, buried in the ground, and a teak forest. [2]
* 1570 - Pajajaran, capital of the last Hindu kingdom in Java island were destroyed by the Sultanate of Banten.
Kingdom of Hindu / Buddhist
Kingdom of Hindu / Buddhist in Kalimantan Kutaisi
Kingdom of Hindu / Buddhist in Java
* Salakanagara (150-362)
* Royal Tan (358-669)
* Kingdom of Sunda Galuh (669-1482)
* Kingdom of Kalinga
* Hindu Kingdom of Mataram
* Kediri (1042 - 1222)
* Kingdom Singasari (1222-1292)
* Kingdom of Majapahit (1292-1527)
Kingdom of Hindu / Buddhist in Sumatra
* Melayu Kingdom
* Kingdom of Sriwijaya
www.showindonesia.blogspot.com
Reference:
Zahorka Herwig, The Sunda Kingdoms of West Java From Tarumanagara to Pakuan Pajajaran with the Royal Center of Bogor, Yayasan Cipta Loka Caraka, Jakarta, 2007
Zahorka Herwig, The Sunda Kingdoms of West Java From Tarumanagara to Pakuan Pajajaran with the Royal Center of Bogor, Yayasan Cipta Loka Caraka, Jakarta, 2007
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